- The syllables' vowel sounds are identical.
- The sounds after the vowels come from the same phonetic family (e.g. T↔D, P↔B, M↔N).
- The syllables begin differently.
- Perfect
- Family
- Additive / Subtractive
- Assonance
- Consonance
cat / pad — AE vowel; T and D are both stops
| Plosives | Fricatives | Nasals | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced | b | d | g | v | TH | z | zh | j | m | n | ng |
| Unvoiced | p | t | k | f | th | s | sh | ch | |||
Each column is a family pair — same place + manner, only the voicing differs.